DZone Snippets: Aniline's Code Snippets

SED by itself

aniline (Aniline) — Thu, 13 Dec 2007 00:11:40 GMT

//SED examples





grep widget mlb | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/-->/ /g'



sed sub --> with blank space g= global



 # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"

 sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g'



 # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"

 sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g'



 # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red"

 sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g'   # most seds

 gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g'      



Substitute newlines for &

sed -e 's/&/\n/g' test.txt

AWK more of it.

aniline (Aniline) — Thu, 13 Dec 2007 00:11:05 GMT

// description of your code here



MORE AWK



HANDY ONE-LINERS FOR AWK                                  22 July 2003

compiled by Eric Pement            version 0.22

   Latest version of this file is usually at:

   http://www.student.northpark.edu/pemente/awk/awk1line.txt





USAGE:



    Unix:  awk '/pattern/ {print "$1"}'    # standard Unix shells

 DOS/Win:  awk '/pattern/ {print "$1"}'    # okay for DJGPP compiled

           awk "/pattern/ {print \"$1\"}"  # required for Mingw32



Most of my experience comes from version of GNU awk (gawk) compiled for

Win32. Note in particular that DJGPP compilations permit the awk script

to follow Unix quoting syntax '/like/ {"this"}'. However, the user must

know that single quotes under DOS/Windows do not protect the redirection

arrows (<, >) nor do they protect pipes (|). Both are special symbols

for the DOS/CMD command shell and their special meaning is ignored only

if they are placed within "double quotes." Likewise, DOS/Win users must

remember that the percent sign (%) is used to mark DOS/Win environment

variables, so it must be doubled (%%) to yield a single percent sign

visible to awk.



If I am sure that a script will NOT need to be quoted in Unix, DOS, or

CMD, then I normally omit the quote marks. If an example is peculiar to

GNU awk, the command 'gawk' will be used. Please notify me if you find

errors or new commands to add to this list (total length under 65

characters). I usually try to put the shortest script first.



FILE SPACING:



 # double space a file

 awk '1;{print ""}'

 awk 'BEGIN{ORS="\n\n"};1'



 # double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file

 # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text.

 # NOTE: On Unix systems, DOS lines which have only CRLF (\r\n) are

 # often treated as non-blank, and thus 'NF' alone will return TRUE.

 awk 'NF{print $0 "\n"}'



 # triple space a file

 awk '1;{print "\n"}'



NUMBERING AND CALCULATIONS:



 # precede each line by its line number FOR THAT FILE (left alignment).

 # Using a tab (\t) instead of space will preserve margins.

 awk '{print FNR "\t" $0}' files*



 # precede each line by its line number FOR ALL FILES TOGETHER, with tab.

 awk '{print NR "\t" $0}' files*



 # number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned)

 # Double the percent signs if typing from the DOS command prompt.

 awk '{printf("%5d : %s\n", NR,$0)}'



 # number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank

 # Remember caveats about Unix treatment of \r (mentioned above)

 awk 'NF{$0=++a " :" $0};{print}'

 awk '{print (NF? ++a " :" :"") $0}'



 # count lines (emulates "wc -l")

 awk 'END{print NR}'



 # print the sums of the fields of every line

 awk '{s=0; for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) s=s+$i; print s}'



 # add all fields in all lines and print the sum

 awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) s=s+$i}; END{print s}'



 # print every line after replacing each field with its absolute value

 awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) if ($i < 0) $i = -$i; print }'

 awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) $i = ($i < 0) ? -$i : $i; print }'



 # print the total number of fields ("words") in all lines

 awk '{ total = total + NF }; END {print total}' file



 # print the total number of lines that contain "Beth"

 awk '/Beth/{n++}; END {print n+0}' file



 # print the largest first field and the line that contains it

 # Intended for finding the longest string in field #1

 awk '$1 > max {max=$1; maxline=$0}; END{ print max, maxline}'



 # print the number of fields in each line, followed by the line

 awk '{ print NF ":" $0 } '



 # print the last field of each line

 awk '{ print $NF }'



 # print the last field of the last line

 awk '{ field = $NF }; END{ print field }'



 # print every line with more than 4 fields

 awk 'NF > 4'



 # print every line where the value of the last field is > 4

 awk '$NF > 4'





TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION:



 # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format

 awk '{sub(/\r$/,"");print}'   # assumes EACH line ends with Ctrl-M



 # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format

 awk '{sub(/$/,"\r");print}



 # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format

 awk 1



 # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format

 # Cannot be done with DOS versions of awk, other than gawk:

 gawk -v BINMODE="w" '1' infile >outfile



 # Use "tr" instead.

 tr -d \r outfile            # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher



 # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line

 # aligns all text flush left

 awk '{sub(/^[ \t]+/, ""); print}'



 # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line

 awk '{sub(/[ \t]+$/, "");print}'



 # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line

 awk '{gsub(/^[ \t]+|[ \t]+$/,"");print}'

 awk '{$1=$1;print}'           # also removes extra space between fields



 # insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset)

 awk '{sub(/^/, "     ");print}'



 # align all text flush right on a 79-column width

 awk '{printf "%79s\n", $0}' file*



 # center all text on a 79-character width

 awk '{l=length();s=int((79-l)/2); printf "%"(s+l)"s\n",$0}' file*



 # substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line

 awk '{sub(/foo/,"bar");print}'           # replaces only 1st instance

 gawk '{$0=gensub(/foo/,"bar",4);print}'  # replaces only 4th instance

 awk '{gsub(/foo/,"bar");print}'          # replaces ALL instances in a line



 # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"

 awk '/baz/{gsub(/foo/, "bar")};{print}'



 # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"

 awk '!/baz/{gsub(/foo/, "bar")};{print}'



 # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red"

 awk '{gsub(/scarlet|ruby|puce/, "red"); print}'



 # reverse order of lines (emulates "tac")

 awk '{a[i++]=$0} END {for (j=i-1; j>=0;) print a[j--] }' file*



 # if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it

 # (fails if there are multiple lines ending with backslash...)

 awk '/\\$/ {sub(/\\$/,""); getline t; print $0 t; next}; 1' file*



 # print and sort the login names of all users

 awk -F ":" '{ print $1 | "sort" }' /etc/passwd



 # print the first 2 fields, in opposite order, of every line

 awk '{print $2, $1}' file



 # switch the first 2 fields of every line

 awk '{temp = $1; $1 = $2; $2 = temp}' file



 # print every line, deleting the second field of that line

 awk '{ $2 = ""; print }'



 # print in reverse order the fields of every line

 awk '{for (i=NF; i>0; i--) printf("%s ",i);printf ("\n")}' file



 # remove duplicate, consecutive lines (emulates "uniq")

 awk 'a !~ $0; {a=$0}'



 # remove duplicate, nonconsecutive lines

 awk '! a[$0]++'                     # most concise script

 awk '!($0 in a) {a[$0];print}'      # most efficient script



 # concatenate every 5 lines of input, using a comma separator

 # between fields

 awk 'ORS=NR%5?",":"\n"' file







SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES:



 # print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head")

 awk 'NR < 11'



 # print first line of file (emulates "head -1")

 awk 'NR>1{exit};1'



  # print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2")

 awk '{y=x "\n" $0; x=$0};END{print y}'



 # print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1")

 awk 'END{print}'



 # print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep")

 awk '/regex/'



 # print only lines which do NOT match regex (emulates "grep -v")

 awk '!/regex/'



 # print the line immediately before a regex, but not the line

 # containing the regex

 awk '/regex/{print x};{x=$0}'

 awk '/regex/{print (x=="" ? "match on line 1" : x)};{x=$0}'



 # print the line immediately after a regex, but not the line

 # containing the regex

 awk '/regex/{getline;print}'



 # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)

 awk '/AAA/; /BBB/; /CCC/'



 # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order)

 awk '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/'



 # print only lines of 65 characters or longer

 awk 'length > 64'



 # print only lines of less than 65 characters

 awk 'length < 64'



 # print section of file from regular expression to end of file

 awk '/regex/,0'

 awk '/regex/,EOF'



 # print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive)

 awk 'NR==8,NR==12'



 # print line number 52

 awk 'NR==52'

 awk 'NR==52 {print;exit}'          # more efficient on large files



 # print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive)

 awk '/Iowa/,/Montana/'             # case sensitive





SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES:



 # delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ")

 awk NF

 awk '/./'





CREDITS AND THANKS:



Special thanks to Peter S. Tillier for helping me with the first release

of this FAQ file.



For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing

commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult:



"sed & awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins

  O'Reilly, 1997

"UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty and Tim O'Reilly

  Hayden Books, 1987

"Effective awk Programming, 3rd Edition." by Arnold Robbins

  O'Reilly, 2001



To fully exploit the power of awk, one must understand "regular

expressions." For detailed discussion of regular expressions, see

"Mastering Regular Expressions, 2d edition" by Jeffrey Friedl

   (O'Reilly, 2002).



The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man awk",

"man nawk", "man regexp", or the section on regular expressions in "man

ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to

teach awk use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text

for those already acquainted with these tools.



USE OF '\t' IN awk SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used

the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts.

All versions of awk, even the UNIX System 7 version should recognize

the '\t' abbreviation.



#---end of file---

RSYNC

aniline (Aniline) — Thu, 13 Dec 2007 00:10:09 GMT

// RSYNC usage



rsync -e ssh atayebali@qafeed1:/usr/local/aolserver/servers/fs/pages/livexml/MLB/MLB_TRANS.XML rysnc_test.xml



rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST

  or   rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC DEST

  or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST

  or   rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]

  or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST

  or   rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]

  or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST

SRC on single-colon remote HOST will be expanded by remote shell

SRC on server remote HOST may contain shell wildcards or multiple

  sources separated by space as long as they have same top-level



copying folders



rsync -e ssh -r atayebali@dev.foxsports.com:/path folder/

All kinds of code

aniline (Aniline) — Thu, 13 Dec 2007 00:09:16 GMT

Case Switch



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	echo "enter something>>" 

4	read var 

5	 

6	case $var in 

7	1 ) echo "1" ;; 

8	2 ) echo "2" ;; 

9	an* ) echo "not" ;; 

10	*tom ) echo "wow" ;; 

11	*) echo "end" 

12	esac 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash echo "enter something>>" read var case $var in 1 ) echo "1" ;; 2 ) echo "2" ;; an* ) echo "not" ;; *tom ) echo "wow" ;; *) echo "end" esac

Find Files



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	find . -name "*" -size 0k > file1.txt 

4	sed -e 's/\.\///g' file1.txt > file2.txt 

5	for line in `cat 0sizenuggets1.txt`; do ls -l $line; done > finalResult.txt 

6	uuencode finalResult.txt finalresult.txt | mail -s "size 0 nuggets" atayebali@foxsports.com 

7	rm file1.txt file2.txt 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash find . -name "*" -size 0k > file1.txt sed -e 's/\.\///g' file1.txt > file2.txt for line in `cat 0sizenuggets1.txt`; do ls -l $line; done > finalResult.txt uuencode finalResult.txt finalresult.txt | mail -s "size 0 nuggets" atayebali@foxsports.com rm file1.txt file2.txt

Get Time



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	wget -O tf http://nist.time.gov/timezone.cgi?Pacific/d/-8 

4	grep '>[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]'  tf | cut -c63-70 

5	echo "PST" 

6	rm tf 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash wget -O tf http://nist.time.gov/timezone.cgi?Pacific/d/-8 grep '>[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]' tf | cut -c63-70 echo "PST" rm tf

If Statement Example



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	echo "$1" 

4	 

5	if [ "$1" == hello ]; then 

6	        echo "hello there" 

7	else 

8	        echo "By nice" 

9	fi 

10	 

11	checking for directories 

12	 

13	if [ -d "DB/" ] 

14	 then 

15	        rm -rf DB 

16	        echo "killing DB folder" 

17	 fi 

18	 

19	checking for files 

20	if [ -f "DB/" ] 

21	 then 

22	        rm -rf DB 

23	        echo "killing DB folder" 

24	 fi 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash echo "$1" if [ "$1" == hello ]; then echo "hello there" else echo "By nice" fi checking for directories if [ -d "DB/" ] then rm -rf DB echo "killing DB folder" fi checking for files if [ -f "DB/" ] then rm -rf DB echo "killing DB folder" fi

Sed Example



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	for line in `ls` 

4	do 

5	        sed -e 's/Spring/Regular Season/g' line > tmp 

6	        mv tmp line 

7	        echo -n $line 

8	        grep Regular $line 

9	done 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash for line in `ls` do sed -e 's/Spring/Regular Season/g' line > tmp mv tmp line echo -n $line grep Regular $line done

While Example



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	echo "enter number: " 

4	read var 

5	 

6	while [ $var -le 10 ]; do 

7	echo "var is $var" 

8	var=$((var + 1)) 

9	done 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash echo "enter number: " read var while [ $var -le 10 ]; do echo "var is $var" var=$((var + 1)) done

Email Example



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	function email 

4	{ 

5	echo "this is a test" | mail -s "test" "$1" 

6	} 

7	 

8	if [ "$1" = "" ]; then 

9	echo "nothing in param" 

10	else 

11	echo "sending mail" 

12	 

13	#emailing attachment 

14	#uuencode statsNbaAllStarSim statssim | mail -s "test attachement" atayebali@foxsports.com 

15	#uuencode   | 

16	 

17	#passing the param to function 

18	email $1 

19	fi 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash function email { echo "this is a test" | mail -s "test" "$1" } if [ "$1" = "" ]; then echo "nothing in param" else echo "sending mail" #emailing attachment #uuencode statsNbaAllStarSim statssim | mail -s "test attachement" atayebali@foxsports.com #uuencode   | #passing the param to function email $1 fi

Function Example



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	 

4	function show_uptime 

5	{ 

6	    # Temporary function stub 

7	        uptime 

8	} 

9	 

10	      echo $(show_uptime) 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash function show_uptime { # Temporary function stub uptime } echo $(show_uptime)

Command Line Args



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	 

4	echo "Positional Parameters" 

5	echo '$0 = ' $0 

6	echo '$1 = ' $1 

7	echo '$2 = ' $2 

8	echo '$3 = ' $3 

9	 

10	if [ $1==hello ] ; then 

11	echo "YO MAN" 

12	fi 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash echo "Positional Parameters" echo '$0 = ' $0 echo '$1 = ' $1 echo '$2 = ' $2 echo '$3 = ' $3 if [ $1==hello ] ; then echo "YO MAN" fi



Read User Input



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	echo "Hello guy what is your name?" 

4	read text 

5	echo "Hello $text" 

6	 

7	echo $1 

8	 

9	echo "How old are you?" 

10	if  read -t 5 response ; then 

11	        echo "sweet" 

12	else 

13	        echo "sour" 

14	 

15	fi 

16	 

17	echo -n "type in secret" 

18	if  read -t 5 response ; then 

19	        echo "sweet" 

20	fi 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash echo "Hello guy what is your name?" read text echo "Hello $text" echo $1 echo "How old are you?" if read -t 5 response ; then echo "sweet" else echo "sour" fi echo -n "type in secret" if read -t 5 response ; then echo "sweet" fi



Create Cookie Script



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	function set_value 

4	{ 

5	       domain=( fox hotmail gmail ) 

6	        echo "${domain[0]}" 

7	 

8	} 

9	 

10	 

11	 

12	for line in `cat description.dat` 

13	        do 

14	 

15	        echo $line 

16	        String=$String$line=$(set_value)\& 

17	 

18	done 

19	 

20	echo -e  "\n\n" 

21	 

22	echo $String 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash function set_value { domain=( fox hotmail gmail ) echo "${domain[0]}" } for line in `cat description.dat` do echo $line String=$String$line=$(set_value)\& done echo -e "\n\n" echo $String



Introduce a new line



1	#!/bin/bash 

2	 

3	#Introduce a new line after every '&' in the test.txt file 

4	 

5	sed -e 's/&/\n/g' test.txt 

	view plain | print | ?

#!/bin/bash #Introduce a new line after every '&' in the test.txt file sed -e 's/&/\n/g' test.txt



Permissions
aniline (Aniline) — Thu, 13 Dec 2007 00:04:08 GMT
// Triplets explained

chmod 755



 Triplet for u: rwx => 4 + 2 + 1 = 7

Triplet for g: r-x => 4 + 0 + 1 = 5

Tripler for o: r-x => 4 + 0 + 1 = 5

Which makes : 755


AWK & SED Constructs
aniline (Aniline) — Wed, 12 Dec 2007 23:51:39 GMT
// Various awk and sed combinations.





awk & Sed construct



View lines  500 to 505

awk 'NR >= 500 && NR <= 505'



remove blank lines

sed -e /^$/d data > filename



remove tabs :



 sed 's/^[ \t]*//' data_raw > data_raw1



search and replace words with escape:



sed -e '/\/id\//d' urls.dat > urlsnostory.dat



awk '{print $3,$2}' emp_names



awk '/AL/ {print $3,$2}' emp_names



what I used

awk '{print $1}' parsed_hrefs >> finalcut



 awk '/href\=\"(.*) / {print $2}' hrefs pinr



awk '{print $NF}' wnba -- Print last line of the code.



-----------------------

Extracting from live xml

awk '/gameId=/{print "/nugget/100_5_" substr($5,9,11)}' ts

 awk '/gamecode/{print "/nugget/100_73_" substr($2,7,10)}' nba

awk '/gamecode/{print "/nugget/100_49_" substr($2,7,9)}' mlb



----------------------------



Extracting gameIds from scores page

awk '/gamecode code=*/ {print substr($2,28,10)}' nbascores



CBK:

awk '/gamecode code=*/ {print substr($2,7,12)}' cbk



Extracting headers

awk '{print $1 " " $2 " " $3 "  " "
"}' authwids 



Field Seperator

awk -F\\ '{print $6}' logos  [ The \\ escape is added ]




FIND & AWK combination
aniline (Aniline) — Wed, 12 Dec 2007 23:48:50 GMT
// File name extraction





substr(field, position, number_of_characters)



 find |  awk '/MLB_LIVE/ {print substr($0, 21,6)}' | sort



in a script (parse and save to tmp file:



for string in $( find |  awk '/MLB_LIVE/ {print substr($0, 21,6)}'  ); do echo $string; done > tmp





Extract from ping

ping qafeed1 | awk ' {print substr($8, 6, 9)}'




FIND
aniline (Aniline) — Wed, 12 Dec 2007 23:46:40 GMT
// find by name



find . -name '*3079716*'







// find file extensions



find | cut -d "." -f3 | sort | uniq -c




Watch
aniline (Aniline) — Wed, 12 Dec 2007 23:44:19 GMT
// See file updates in real time





watch -d 



watch -n 2 ls



watch -d -n 5 cat live.xml




Find Server Type Wget
aniline (Aniline) — Wed, 12 Dec 2007 23:42:48 GMT
//Get server type.





wget -d